Thought Experiment, grasping 'culture'

This exercise works well in both directions: projecting ourselves onto an ancient landscape, along with our toolkit and worldview/languages; or the reverse, projecting people of another time or place onto our familiar landscape and annual cycles, but confining them to their toolkit and worldview and life purposes.

1) Suppose you moderns travel back to the midst of a viking town or trading center: The weather and range of native plants and animals is not terribly different to what it was 1,000 years ago. Yet their solutions to personal hygiene, personal possessions, range of food choices and manner of obtaining, preparing and consuming may well contrast our own ways. The relative status of those you meet and appropriate response to encounters with each category of person could also seem alien or inscrutible until the culture logic is learned. In short, the sensory palette and physical resources will have changed in some ways, but in other ways there has not been a lot of change. But what is remarkably different is all the cultural "software and hardware" that has developed and grown elaborate these past 40 generations so that we have more specialized tools, controllability and scale of impact at our fingertips. As a single example, if you moderns want a drink of water in an urban setting you have a dozen ways to do it. But 1,000 years earlier in the same month and day the most common responses to feeling thirsty will have been different: no bottled water (but probably jugs or other potable reserves), no drinking fountains (but possibly a well for public or private drawing), no restaurant serving (ice) water before ordering (but probably an acceptable custom of asking a resident for some of their water). In short, if we place ourselves in the same physical setting and range of resources for food, shelter, gifting, creative expression, and tool making then there is much that THEY knew as a matter of course that we have forgotten. That part is 'culture'. And the reverse is true, too: we would project a course of action leading to shelter, getting - preparing - and consuming foodstuffs, and so forth that would seem improbable to those earlier people. In other words, all the social, material and ideational patterns & relationships that we bring to their landscape; or that they might bring to ours is what comprises 'culture'.